Un desafío a la obviedad de la igualdad de oportunidades
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69967/07194773.v1i8.171Palabras clave:
filosofía, educación, igualdad, meritocracia, talento, ciudadaníaResumen
En este trabajo, desafío el principio fundamental de igualdad de oportunidades, que las personas igualmente talentosas, ya sean ricas o pobres, deben tener las mismas oportunidades para desarrollar sus talentos y prosperar. En este sentido, sostengo que: la igualdad de oportunidades no es algo necesariamente bueno en sí mismo; nunca se logrará; y, si lo fuera, no es deseable. En consecuencia, deberíamos pensar en otro principio para gobernar nuestras políticas sociales. La persecución de la igualdad de oportunidades ha llevado a las sociedades a presionar mucho a las escuelas, que son vistas como las instituciones sociales para nivelar el campo de juego, con el incentivo correspondiente para preparar a los estudiantes para el mercado laboral, pero no para que prosperen como miembros. de una comunidad y la consiguiente pérdida de cohesión social. En primer lugar, presentaré varios conceptos de igualdad de oportunidades, donde se ampliará la revisión de la igualdad equitativa de oportunidades de Rawls. Mi argumento se basará principalmente en dos críticas: la concepción liberal del yo; y la prioridad léxica de la igualdad equitativa de oportunidades sobre el principio de diferencia. Luego, mostraré por qué la moneda de Cohen para el igualitarismo es un buen principio alternativo, pero no considera sus implicaciones en valores como la fraternidad, la solidaridad y la empatía. En este sentido, no solo desafiaré a los liberales rawlsianos sino, en algunos aspectos, también a los igualitarios. A continuación, mi propuesta es un principio que combina aspectos del debate sobre la moneda igualitaria, los valores democráticos y el comunitarismo, lo que yo llamo, igualdad de acceso a la ciudadanía democrática. Finalmente, presentaré las implicaciones sobre el sistema escolar si elegimos usar este principio propuesto en lugar de la igualdad de oportunidades.
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