Críticas construcionistas à tese das Emoções Básicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69967/07194773.v1i21.460Palavras-chave:
construccionismo, emociones básicas, lenguaje, neurociencia afectiva, fisiologíaResumo
A história da compreensão das emoções no pensamento ocidental tem sido dominada praticamente desde seus primórdios por uma concepção essencialista das emoções: de acordo com essa abordagem, as emoções são, de fato, eventos discretos claramente diferenciados, não só entre si, mas também em relação aos processos cognitivos “superiores”. A hegemonia dessa concepção essencialista, que encontrou seu momento culminante na teoria das Emoções Básicas, chegou ao fim no início deste século com o surgimento de um programa de pesquisa radicalmente diferente em termos de postulados e previsões, a saber, o construcionismo (desenvolvido fundamentalmente por J.A. Russell, L.F. Barrett, K. Lindquist e M. Gendron). O objetivo do artigo consistirá em reconstruir as linhas gerais da crítica construcionista ao postulado das Emoções Básicas, a fim de ponderar os méritos hermenêuticos de ambas as alternativas. Argumentar-se-á que as críticas construcionistas conduzem a uma crise terminal da teoria das Emoções Básicas (tanto do ponto de vista metodológico quanto em relação ao suporte empírico aduzido) e que a alternativa construcionista já se mostra em melhores condições de formar o núcleo de um novo programa de pesquisa no âmbito da vida afetiva humana.
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